Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board has come into existence on 14th Dec. 2001 after separation of Jharkhand state from Bihar state. The Organization is a regulatory body dealing with Air Act' 1981, Water Act' 1974, Water Cess Act' 1977, E.P. Act' 1986,  Hazardous waste (management and handling)
 Rules 1989 and amended in 2000 and other Environmental Acts.

Overview
Coal based Thermal Power has emerged as the principal source of power in India and contributes to 70 percent of the total power generation. The anticipated power requirement till 2012 is 1,07,000 MW which would mean about 12,000 MW capacity addition every year. The coal reserves of the country are predominately of lower grades of non-coking and as a result Thermal power stations use high ash, inferior quality non-coking coal. Country's thermal installed capacity as on 31st March 2004 is 77968.53 MW. The coal consumption for thermal power generation is about 300 million tonnes in 2003-04. Use of coal brings in its own share of problems,  primarily due to huge amount of ash, which is produced as a by-product of the process of power generation. With the increase in thermal generation,  the concern for environmental safeguard is inevitable. Stringent environmental regualations were introduced by the Central and Jharkhand State Pollution Control Boards for the protection of environment. Technologies are developed to minimize waste generation from coal-based power plants and also for the utilization of the ash to keep the environmental degradation at lowest possible levels for optimum ecological balance.

Fly Ash Scenario
In Jharkhand about 9,000  tones of fly ash is being generated everyday from the coal based thermal power plants with present generation of about 1500 MW. Fortunately, the state is utilizing over fifty present of the fly ash through environmentally sound techniques such as abandoned mine reclamation, Cement Manufacturing, Brick manufacturing etc.  Damodar valley Corporation is reclaiming Central Coalfield Limited (CCL) abandoned mine using its pond ash, Tata Power at Jhamshedpur is feeding all its fly ash to Lafarge Cement, ACC and other cement plants. Jharkhand  State Pollution Control Board  has taken a lead in the utilization of fly ash in the Sate with the co-operation of Thermal Power Plants, Mining Industries, Cement Industries, Brick manufacture etc.

Government of India Notification
Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India has issued notification dated 14th Sept.1999 for the utilization of 100 percent fly ash in phased manner by 2010. Following broad areas have been identified and specific time frame has been provided for the disposal of fly ash in environmentally sound techniques :-

•     Use of fly ash and bottom ash  in manufacturing of bricks  and other construction activities.

•    Thermal Power Plants are given responsibility to utilize 100 percent fly ash by 2010.

•     Fly ash can be used for the reclamation of abandoned mines, low lying area, sea.

Fly Ash Mission
Fly Ash Mission, a technology Project in mission Mode is being implemented with participation and close association of  ministry of Environment and Forest, Ministry of Power, Thermal Power Stations, NTPC, R&D Organization and Industry.

Fly Ash Utilization
Brick Manufacturing: Demand of building bricks has increased many folds during the  past 2-3 decades in almost all parts of the country. In recent times excessive use of argillaceous mass by construction section is posing serious threat to the environmental and ecological balance in many part of the country on one hand while generation  of huge  quantities of industrial wastes has further worsened the state affairs.

Advantage of making clay fly ash bricks:

• Fuel saving during burning operation of bricks.

• Reduction in drying/firing losses of bricks.

• Improvement of strength of bricks in black/red soils.

• Better Thermal insulation property.

• Reduction in dead load of brick masonry structure.

• Substantial saving of clay.

Use of Fly ash in highway
Indian Road Congress has issued guidelines/specification for the unitization of fly ash for the construction of roads or flyover embankments through IRC specification No. SP: 58 of 2001.

Use of Fly Ash in construction of embankment and highways

Use of Fly Ash in Reclamation of Abandoned Mines
Reclamation of open cast mines and stowing of underground mines using fly ash is a major area for the utilization of fly ash. Thermal Power Plants located nearer to the mine pit head are having advantages of using there empty trucks or wagons for the transportation of fly ash back to the mine void  have exploited this opportunity in  Jharkhand and else where.

           
Reclamation of Abandoned mine of CCL using Fly Ash at Bokaro

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